Análise da tendência da mortalidade por causas externas em pessoas idosas no Brasil, 2000 a 2022 / Analysis of the trend of mortality from external causes in older adults in Brazil, 2000 to 2022

Resumo Objetivo analisar a tendência de mortalidade por causas externas em pessoas idosas no Brasil no intervalo temporal entre os anos 2000 e 2022 e identificar o perfil sociodemográfico de mortalidade. Método estudo ecológico de série temporal utilizando dados secundários, envolvendo a mortalidade em pessoas idosas por causas externas no Brasil, no período de 2000 a 2022. Os dados foram coletados a partir das bases de dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, das estimativas da população residente e de dados populacionais censitários disponibilizados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. A frequência absoluta e relativa dos dados foi analisada a partir do software Excel 2010. As análises das tendências das taxas de mortalidade e regressão linear segmentada foram realizadas por meio do Joinpoint, com significância estatística avaliada por meio do teste de Monte Carl Resultados No período investigado, foram identificados 572.608 óbitos por causas externas em pessoas idosas com 60 anos ou mais. Em relação ao comportamento da mortalidade por causas externas em pessoas idosas, observou-se tendência de aumento nas taxas de mortalidade na maior parte do período estudado (2000 a 2013) com uma variação percentual anual (VPA: 1,86; IC95%: 1,5-2,2). Conclusão os resultados indicam uma tendência de crescimento da mortalidade de pessoas idosas por causas externas, refletindo a necessidade de priorização de políticas públicas que intervenham sobre esse evento.

Abstract Objective To analyze the trend of mortality due to external causes in older adults in Brazil within the temporal interval spanning from 2000 to 2022 and to identify the sociodemographic profile of mortality. Method Ecological time-series study utilizing secondary data, encompassing mortality in older adults due to external causes in Brazil, spanning the period from 2000 to 2022. The data were collected from the databases of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System, population estimates, and census population data provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The absolute and relative frequency of the data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 software. The analysis of trends in mortality rates and segmented linear regression was conducted using Joinpoint, with statistical significance assessed through the Monte Carlo test. Results During the investigated period, 572,608 deaths due to external causes were identified in individuals aged 60 years or older. Regarding the mortality pattern due to external causes in older adults, an increasing trend in mortality rates was observed for the majority of the studied period (2000 to 2013) with an annual percent change (APC) of 1.86 (95% CI: 1.5-2.2). Conclusion The results indicate a growing trend in mortality among older individuals due to external causes, highlighting the need for prioritizing public policies that address this issue.

Judicialization and cancer: quality of life of patients and caregivers in the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, cancer patients and caregivers of cancer patients seek judicial intervention for free access to medications from the public health system. Indeed, the COVID-19 pandemic potentially affected the health-related quality of life of cancer patients and caregivers of cancer patients. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic profile and assess the health-related quality of life of patients and caregivers in the state of Goias, Brazil, in 2020. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 88 (67,7%) patients and 42 (32,3%) caregivers participated in the study, mostly women (55,5%); aged from 18 to 60 (66%) years old; with up to nine years of education (73,1%) and monthly family income lower than the minimum wage (69,2%); married or in a stable union (92,3%); living with multiple people in the same household (73,8%). The quality of life domains with the best scores were mental health for patients and pain for caregivers. The most affected quality of life domain was physical limitation for patients and caregivers. Factors associated with better quality of life were female gender and age between 18 and 60 years in patients, more than 9 years of education, living with multiple people in the same house, and having a monthly family income higher than US$200 for caregivers. CONCLUSION: The study found evidence of physical and emotional vulnerability during the pandemic, highlighting the need to strengthen public policies of assistance support to this population.

Anaerobic adhesives effect on counter-torque of abutment screws on implants with external hexagon and conical connections: An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: Abutment screw loosening is a common complication of implant supported prostheses, especially for single crowns. In engineering, anaerobic adhesives (AA) are used to provide chemical locking between screw surfaces, but their application in implantology remains unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of AA on counter-torque of abutment screws for cemented prosthesis on dental implants with external hexagon connection (EHC) and conical connection (CC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sample was composed by 60 specimens, 30 dental implants with EHC and 30 with CC. Abutments (transmucosal 3 mm straight universal abutment) were installed without AA (control group) or with application of AA with two different adhesive strength: medium strength (LOCTITE® 242) and high strength (LOCTITE® 277). The specimens were subjected to mechanical cycling at 37°C, with a load setting of 133 N, a 1.3 Hz frequency, and 1 200 000 cycles. The abutments were removed, and the counter-torque values were registered. Screws and implants were inspected using a stereomicroscope to verify the presence of residual adhesive and damage the internal structures. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparison tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Comparing to the torque of installation, the medium strength AA kept the counter-torque values for CC implants and the high strength AA kept the counter-torque for EHC implants and increased for CC implants. In the intergroup comparisons, control group presented significantly lower counter-torque values than other groups, both for EHC and CC implants. High strength AA presented similar results to medium strength AA in the EHC implants, but in the CC implants presented higher counter-torque values. Damage in threads was more frequent in the groups that received high strength AA. CONCLUSION: The use of AA increased the counter-torque of abutment screws, both in implants with EHC and CC.

Dolutegravir-associated resistance mutations after first-line treatment failure in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Since January 2017, the recommended first-line antiretroviral regimen in Brazil is the fixed-dose combination of tenofovir plus lamivudine with dolutegravir (TL + D). According to the literature, integrase resistance-associated mutations (INRAMs) are rarely found upon virologic failure to first-line dolutegravir plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. We evaluated the HIV antiretroviral genotypic resistance profile of patients referred for genotyping in the public health system who failed first-line TL + D after at least six months of therapy on or before December 31, 2018. METHODS: HIV Sanger sequences of the pol gene were generated from plasma of patients with confirmed virologic failure to first-line TL + D in the Brazilian public health system before December 31, 2018. RESULTS: One hundred thirteen individuals were included in the analysis. Major INRAMs were detected in seven patients (6.19%), four with R263K, one with G118R, one with E138A, and one with G140R. Four patients with major INRAMs also had the K70E and M184V mutations in the RT gene. Sixteen (14.2%) additional individuals presented minor INRAMs, and five (4,42%) patients had both major and minor INRAMS. Thirteen (11.5%) patients also presented mutations in the RT gene selected by tenofovir and lamivudine, including four with both the K70E and M184V mutations and four with only M184V. The integrase mutations L101I and T124A, which are in the in vitro pathway for integrase inhibitor resistance, were found in 48 and 19 patients, respectively. Mutations not related to TL + D, thus probable transmitted resistance mutations (TDR), were present in 28 patients (24.8%): 25 (22.1%) to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 19 (16.8%) to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and 6 (5.31%) to protease inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: In marked contrast to previous reports, we report a relatively high frequency of INRAMs among selected patients failing first-line TL + D in the public health system in Brazil. Possible reasons for this discrepancy include delays in detecting virologic failure, patients inadvertently on dolutegravir monotherapy, TDR, and/or infecting subtype.

Taquicardia por reentrada atrioventricular provavel (nó a nó) em paciente com isomerismo atrial direito no pós operatório imediato de cirurgia paliativa / Tachycardia due to probable atrioventricular reentry (node ​​by node) in a patient with right atrial isomerism in the immediate postoperative period of palliative surgery

INTRODUÇÃO: pacientes portadores de isomerismo atrial direito apresentam duplicidade de estruturas intracardíacas como nó atrioventricular. Apresentam desta forma taquicardias de origem supraventricular secundárias a reentrada atrioventricular e responsivas a terapia com adenosina. No período pós operatório de cirurgias paliativas a presença de taquicardia destes pacientes nem sempre estão relacionadas aos focos ectópicos juncionais. OBJETIVO: Descrever um caso de paciente portadora de isomerismo atrial direito associado a cardiopatia complexa com taquicardia mantida por reentrada AV por provável NAV acessório. RELATO DO CASO: Menina de 6 anos portadora de isomerismo atrial direito, defeito de septo AV total com vasos em transposição e drenagem anômala veias pulmonares intracardíacas corrigida aos 6 meses de idade. Foi submetida a troca do shunt central aos 6 anos. Apresenta hipertensão pulmonar o que motivou suporte cirurgico paliativo. No pós operatorio imediato da troca do shunt central apresentou taquicardia de complexos QRS estreito e PR maior que RP com inicio do QRS ao início da onda P de 120 ms e FC 188 bpm. Apresentava PA 65x40mmHg e tempo de enchimento capilar de 5 segundos. Seguindo análise do ECG e algoritmo 2020 SAVP realizado adenosina com reversão imediata ao ritmo sinusal e recuperação dos padrões hemodinâmicos. CONCLUSÃO: 1) Apesar de mais raras as taquicardias por reentrada AV em pacientes com isomerismo atrial direito por reentrada Nó a Nó devem ser sempre consideradas 2) O uso de adenosina em taquicardias supraventriculares instáveis hemodinamicamente deve ser a primeira escolha quando disponível 3) o registro eletrocardiográfico da crise permite o diagnóstico mais assertivo e o tratamento a curto e longo prazo mais efetivo.

Expected and perceived burdens in patients receiving mandibular overdentures retained by one or two implants.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess patients' expected burdens before treatment and their perceived burdens after the surgical and prosthodontic procedures of mandibular overdenture treatment and to evaluate factors influencing patients' perceptions. METHODS: Data were collected from 47 participants enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing mandibular overdentures retained by one or two implants. A 20-item questionnaire measured on a four-point Likert scale covering the surgical and prosthetic treatment procedures was used to assess the patients' perception of the procedural burdens before (expected burdens) and immediately after (experienced burdens) each procedure. Operators' perceptions of intercurrences associated with the procedures were also assessed as an independent variable. RESULTS: Low levels of perceived burdens were observed both before and after treatment. The mean overall scores of 1.65 ± 0.46 and 1.53 ± 0.33 for expected and experienced burdens, respectively, indicated that most items ranged between "not burdensome at all" and "somewhat burdensome." Significant differences between expected and experienced burdens were found for eight items (P < 0.001). Considering the treatment stages, expected burdens scored higher in the pre-surgical, surgical, and prosthetic stages and lower in the post-surgical phase than experienced burdens. Overall, the experienced burdens were significantly affected by the expected burdens (P < 0.001) and operator's perceived burdens(P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Treatments were associated with low levels of perceived burdens related to surgical and prosthodontic procedures and were highly correlated with the expected burdens before treatment. However, patients tend to overestimate the expected burdens before treatment, especially for surgical procedures.

COVID-19 em pessoas com deficiências do desenvolvimento: uma revisão de escopo / COVID-19 en personas con trastornos en el desarrollo: una revisión de alcance / COVID-19 in people with developmental disabilities: a scoping review

Resumo Objetivo Examinar a evidência emergente sobre os tipos e a frequência de deficiências do desenvolvimento na população afetada pela COVID-19, identificando formas de categorização, incidência/prevalência e comorbidades mais frequentes. Métodos Para esta revisão de escopo realizou-se busca por estudos observacionais nas bases de dados Medline (PubMed), Scopus (Elsevier), ISI Web of Science (Clarivate), Lilacs (BVS) e 'literatura cinzenta'. Como critérios de elegibilidade, os estudos deveriam apresentar resultados de ocorrência de deficiência de desenvolvimento em pessoas com COVID-19, permitindo comparação com a população em geral, ou entre os grupos de deficiências. Dois revisores independentes fizeram o mapeamento das informações utilizando um instrumento de extração de dados previamente elaborado. Outros dois pesquisadores verificaram os dados e auxiliaram na elaboração dos quadros de apresentação dos resultados. Resultados Observou-se diversidade de terminologias empregadas para categorizar as DD. As pessoas com DD e com comorbidades que representam maior risco para a COVID-19 necessitaram de internação hospitalar com maior frequência do que a população em geral. De um total de 4930 estudos, 14 foram selecionados para avaliação. Destes, 5 artigos foram estudos longitudinais. Conclusão Em pessoas com DD, a COVID-19 apresentou taxas de morbidade, letalidade e mortalidade mais altas em faixas etárias mais jovens, na população mais pobre, na população institucionalizada e que requer tecnologias de suporte de vida e cuidados especializados. A vulnerabilidade das pessoas com DD à COVID-19 depende do tipo e da gravidade da deficiência e da presença de comorbidades, evidenciando a necessidade de atenção no diagnóstico e nas medidas preventivas, como a vacinação.

Resumen Objetivo Examinar la evidencia emergente sobre los tipos y la frecuencia de trastornos en el desarrollo (TD) en la población afectada por COVID-19 e identificar formas de categorización, incidencia/prevalencia y comorbilidades más frecuentes. Métodos Para esta revisión de alcance se realizó una búsqueda de estudios observacionales en las bases de datos Medline (PubMed), Scopus (Elsevier), ISI Web of Science (Clarivate), Lilacs (BVS) y 'literatura gris'. Como criterio de elegibilidad, los estudios debían presentar resultados de casos de TD en personas con COVID-19 y permitir la comparación con la población general, o entre los grupos de trastornos. Dos revisores independientes realizaron el mapeo de la información con la utilización de un instrumento de extracción de datos previamente elaborado. Otros dos investigadores verificaron los datos y ayudaron a elaborar los cuadros de presentación de resultados. Resultados Se observó diversidad en la terminología empleada para categorizar los TD. Las personas con TD y con comorbilidades que representan mayor riesgo de COVID-19 necesitaron internación hospitalaria con mayor frecuencia que la población general. De un total de 4930 estudios, 14 fueron seleccionados para el análisis, de los cuales 5 artículos fueron estudios longitudinales. Conclusión En personas con TD, el COVID-19 presentó índices de morbilidad, letalidad y mortalidad más altos en rangos de edad más jóvenes, en la población más pobre, en la población institucionalizada y que requiere tecnologías de soporte vital y cuidados especializados. La vulnerabilidad de las personas con TD depende del tipo y gravedad del trastorno y de la presencia de comorbilidades, lo que deja en evidencia la necesidad de atención en el diagnóstico y en las medidas preventivas, como la vacunación.

Abstract Objective To examine the emerging evidence on developmental disability type and frequency in the population affected by COVID-19, identifying more frequent forms of categorization, incidence/prevalence and comorbidities. Methods For this scoping review, we searched for observational studies in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus (Elsevier), ISI Web of Science (Clarivate), LILACS (VHL) and grey literature databases. As eligibility criteria, studies should present results of developmental disability (DD) occurrence in people with COVID-19, allowing comparison with the general population, or between groups of disabilities. Two independent reviewers mapped the information using a previously elaborated data extraction instrument. Two other researchers verified the data and assisted in table elaboration to present the results. Results There was a diversity of terminologies used to categorize DD. People with DD and comorbidities that represent a higher risk for COVID-19 required hospitalization more frequently than the general population. Out of a total of 4930 studies, 14 were selected for assessment. Of these, 5 articles were longitudinal studies. Conclusion In people with DD, COVID-19 had higher morbidity, lethality and mortality rates in younger age groups, in the poorest population, in the institutionalized population, requiring life support technologies and specialized care. The vulnerability of people with DD to COVID-19 depends on disease type and severity and the presence of comorbidities, highlighting the need for attention in diagnosis and preventive measures, such as vaccination.

Artéria subclávia direita aberrante e disfagia lusória: relato de caso / Aberrant right subclavian artery and lusorial dysphagia: case report

INTRODUÇÃO E/OU FUNDAMENTOS: A origem aberrante da artéria subclávia direita (ARSA) é a malformação vascular mais comum do arco aórtico, porém, é considerada uma condição rara na população geral, presente em 0,5% a 1% e em até 40% dos pacientes com Síndrome de Down; geralmente assintomáticos e sem implicações cardiovasculares. Em casos de sintomas, são descritos aqueles que resultam da compressão do esôfago e/ou traqueia, cursando com disfagia (lusória), refluxo gastroesofágico (RGE), tosse, dor torácica, broncoespasmo ou resultantes de degeneração aneurismática (divertículo de Kommerell). Neste relato, apresentamos caso de paciente com quadro de asma e sintomas gástricos de difícil controle, tendo realizado diversos tratamentos medicamentosos e exames de imagem até a elucidação diagnóstica. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, cinco anos de idade, encaminhado ao centro de referência por quadro de RGE persistente e déficit pôndero-estatural iniciados na primeira infância. Evoluiu a partir dos dois anos com disfagia para sólidos, vômitos intensos e dor cervical à deglutição, bem como episódios recorrentes de broncoespasmo. Com a persistência da sintomatologia, desenvolveu quadro de dificuldade alimentar, aceitando apenas líquidos e pastosos. Fazia acompanhamento em serviço de gastroenterologia e alergologia infantil, em uso contínuo de corticoide inalatório, broncodilatadores e inibidores de bomba de prótons, sem resposta terapêutica satisfatória. Realizou exame contrastado do esôfago-estômago-duodeno (EED) e endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA), que evidenciaram quadro de esofagite erosiva distal leve e compressão extrínseca esofágica pulsátil, sugestiva de ARSA. Confirmado diagnóstico por ecocardiograma transtorácico e tomografia computadorizada, sendo então, indicado intervenção cirúrgica oportuna. CONCLUSÕES: Por mais que a ARSA seja uma malformação rara, apresentando-se com exame clínico cardiológico, eletrocardiograma e radiografia de tórax normais, a suspeita diagnóstica sempre deve ser levantada diante de sintomas relacionados à compressão traqueal ou esofágica, como crises de broncoespasmo recorrentes, RGE e disfagia. Desta forma, seu diagnóstico precoce é essencial para instituir o tratamento adequado, a fim de melhorar a qualidade de vida e evitar repercussões clínicas ao paciente.

Fechamento espontâneo parcial de comunicação interventricular por displasia da valva tricúspide com obstrução da via da saída do ventrículo direito por tecido acessório / Partial spontaneous closure of a ventricular septal defect due to tricuspid valve dysplasia with obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract by accessory tissue

INTRODUÇÃO E/OU FUNDAMENTOS: A CIV perimembranosa é o tipo mais comum de CIV. O fechamento espontâneo pode ocorrer em até 30% dos casos, principalmente na idade escolar, sendo mais comum nas comunicações menores de 4mm. Nos casos de CIV's grandes, é possível a redução significativa do orifício efetivo, o que permite ponderar a necessidade e o momento de abordagem cirúrgica. Dentre os mecanismos descritos de oclusão espontânea destaca-se a reduplicação do tecido da VT, a aderência dos folhetos da VT, o prolapso da valva aórtica e o aneurisma do septo membranoso. Neste caso, ocorreu com evolução para displasia tricúspide, com formação de mega cúspide anterior e obstrução da via de saída do VD por protrusão do aparato subvalvar tricuspídeo, persistindo o fluxo pela CIV. Casos como este são raros e pouco descritos na literatura, não sendo possível definir fatores de risco que para tal evento. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente, sexo feminino, encaminhado ao serviço de cardiologia no período neonatal por sopro cardíaco. Realizou ecocardiograma transtorácico (EcoTT) que evidenciou comunicação interventricular (CIV) perimembranosa central, de 9mm com repercussão hemodinâmica e valva tricúspide (VT) com características normais. Diante disso, foi iniciada terapia anticongestiva e indicada correção cirúrgica aos 7 meses. Por motivos religiosos, os pais não autorizaram o procedimento e foi mantido seguimento clínico. Ao longo do acompanhamento, observou-se redução do orifício efetivo da CIV por oclusão parcial por tecido acessório da VT com refluxo valvar progressivo. Aos 7 anos, novo EcoTT demonstrou que a oclusão parcial da CIV provocou degeneração da VT com formação mega cúspide anterior e cordas redundantes que cursavam com obstrução da via de saída do ventrículo direito (VD) (gradiente sistólico máximo de 94 mmHg), além refluxo tricuspídeo importante e fluxo bidirecional pela CIV. CONCLUSÕES: O paciente apresenta uma rara forma de evolução de CIV perimembranosa não corrigida, com mecanismo de oclusão ainda não descrito na literatura. Além disso, pudemos ver que a obstrução da via de saída do ventrículo direito pela proliferação de tecido acessório tricuspídeo que era protetor para sintomas de ICC e para evolução clínica de hipertensão pulmonar secundária a hiperfluxo pulmonar mesmo sem a correção cirúrgica.

Adjunctive therapies for in vitro carious lesions: Antimicrobial activity, activation of dentin metalloproteinases and effects on dental pulp cells.

BACKGROUND: Adjunctive therapies used before dental restorative procedures may encourage carious tissue removal. Beyond promising antimicrobial properties, treatments could positively modulate the dentin-pulp complex while not interfering with restoration survival. Herein, we evaluated a set of substances and their effects on carious lesions and the underlying dentin or pulp cells. METHODS: Artificial caries lesions were developed in bovine teeth cavities immersed in Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei co-cultures. The cavities were treated according to the following groups: Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS), Chlorhexidine (CHX), Papacárie® (Papain gel), Ozone (O3), and antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT). After treatments, samples were cultivated to count isolated microbial colonies. The zymography assay evaluated the activity of dentin metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). Cell viability was indirectly assessed on human dental pulp cells after 24, 72, or 120 h, whereas the odontodifferentiation potential was evaluated after ten days of cell culture. RESULTS: CHX and aPDT led to around 1 log bacterial load reduction. PBS, CHX, and aPDT showed the eventual expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Cell viability was reduced (< 30%) after 120 h for all groups compared to the control. CHX, O3, and aPDT induced greater odontodifferentiation (≈ 20% higher) than PBS and papain gel. CONCLUSION: Adjunctive therapies presented little or no biological significance in reducing bacterial load in artificial carious lesions. Although the activation of endogenous metalloproteinases may represent a possible concern for adhesive restorations, some of these treatments may have a positive role in dental pulp tissue repair.

Enfrentamento de desafios no cuidado à síndrome congênita do zika no contexto da atenção primária à saúde / Facing challenges in caring for zika's congenital syndrome in the context of primary health care / Enfrentando los desafíos en la atención delsíndrome congénito de zika en el contexto de la atención primaria de salud

Introdução: a importância diagnóstica do Zika vírus reside na capacidade de transmissão vertical e seu elevado potencial teratogênico, que tem resultado em anormalidades congênitas cerebrais. Dentre as anomalias congênitas em fetos advindas do contagio do vírus na gestação, a de maior destaque é a microcefalia, sugerindo assim uma nova síndrome congênita: Síndrome Congênita do Zika. Objetivo:gerar um debate sobre o enfrentamento dos desafios no cuidado a crianças com Síndrome Congênita do Zika dentro da Atenção Primária a Saúde no Brasil, sob luz dos pressupostos dos seus atributos essências e derivados. Metodologia:trata-se de um ensaio teórico e analítico, apresentado na forma de exposição reflexiva, foi realizado revisão da literatura da área que contou com busca nas bases eletrônicas de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde Pública; Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, englobando as fontes de informação da LILACS, SCIELOe Google Acadêmico. Foram utilizados os descritores 'atenção primária a saúde' articulado à palavra-chave 'atributos' pelo operador booleano AND. Resultados:A Atenção Primária ainda enfrenta muitos desafios para que possa desempenhar seu papel de organizadora do sistema e coordenadora do cuidado em saúde para o público com Síndrome Congênita do Zika, porém destaca-se a abordagem que reconhece a importância da família com adoção do modelo da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade e Incapacidade em Saúde na orientaçãodos casos. Conclusão:O presente estudo permitiu dar início ao debate da importância da Atenção Primária à Saúde na condução do público acometido pela Síndrome Congênita do Zika a partir do ano de 2015 no Brasil, merecendo destaque a necessidade de tomadade decisão relativo à melhoria quanto ao posicionamento de responsabilização por este usuário, tanto por parte das equipes de saúde da família quanto pelos gestores (AU).

Introduction:the diagnostic importance of the Zika virus lies in its capacity for vertical transmission and its high teratogenic potential, which has resulted in congenital brain abnormalities. Among the congenital anomaliesin fetuses resulting from the contagion of the virus during pregnancy, the most prominent is microcephaly, thus suggesting a new congenital syndrome: Congenital Zika Syndrome. Objective:to generate a debate on facing the challenges in caring for childrenwith Congenital Zika Syndrome within Primary Health Care in Brazil, in the light of the assumptions of its essential and derived attributes. Methodology:this is a theoretical and analytical essay, presented in the form of a reflective exposition, a literature review was carried out in the area, which included a search in the electronic databases of the Virtual Public Health Library; Virtual Health Library, encompassing LILACS, SCIELOand Academic Googleinformation sources. The descriptors 'primary healthcare' articulated to the keyword 'attributes' by the Boolean operator AND were used. Results:The Primary Health Carestill faces many challenges so that it can play its role of organizer of the system and coordinator of health care for the public with Congenital Zika Syndrome, but the approach that recognizes the importance of the family with the adoption of the model of International Classification of Functioning and Disability in Health in case orientation. Conclusion:The present study allowed us to start the debate on the importance of Primary Health Care in guiding the public affected by the Congenital Zika Syndrome from the year 2015 in Brazil, highlighting the need for decision-making regarding the improvement of the positioning responsibility for this user, both by the family health teams and by the managers (AU).

Introducción:la importancia diagnóstica del virus Zika radica en su capacidad de transmisión vertical y su alto potencial teratogénico, lo que hayresultado en anomalías cerebrales congénitas. Entre las anomalías congénitas en fetos derivadas del contagio del virus durante el embarazo, la más destacada es la microcefalia, sugiriendo así un nuevo síndrome congénito: el Síndrome Congénito Zika. Objetivo:generar un debate sobre el enfrentamiento de los desafíos en el cuidado de niños con Síndrome Congénito de Zika en la Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil, a la luz de los supuestos de sus atributos esenciales y derivados. Metodología:se trata de un ensayo teórico y analítico, presentado en forma de exposición reflexiva, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en el área, que incluyó una búsqueda en las bases de datos electrónicas de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud Pública; Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, confuentes de información LILACS, SCIELOy Google académico. Se utilizaron los descriptores 'atención primaria de salud' articulados a la palabra clave 'atributos' por el operador booleano AND. Resultados:La Atención Primaria de Saludaún enfrenta muchos desafíos para que pueda desempeñar su papel de organizador del sistema y coordinador de la atención a la salud de la población con Síndrome Congénito de Zika, pero el abordaje que reconoce la importancia de la familia con la adopción del modelo de Clasificación Internacional de Funcionamiento y Discapacidad en Salud en la orientación de casos. Conclusión:El presente estudio permitió iniciar el debate sobre la importancia de la Atención Primaria de Salud en la orientación del público afectado por el Síndrome Congénito de Zika a partir del año 2015 en Brasil, destacando la necesidad de la toma de decisiones sobre la mejora del posicionamiento de la responsabilidad por este usuario, tanto por los equipos de salud de la familia como por los gestores (AU).

Grafting biomaterials associated to topical glucocorticoid: effects on pre-osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1).

The topical glucocorticoid budesonide has been prescribed before and after sinus lift surgery as adjuvant drug treatment for maxillary sinus membrane inflammation. However, there is no study on the effects of budesonide on the regenerative process of bone grafting biomaterials. We investigated the effect of the association of budesonide with some biomaterials on the growth and differentiation capacity of pre-osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1 subclone 4). Xenogeneic (Bio-Oss and Bio-Gen) and synthetic hydroxyapatites (Osteogen, Bonesynth, and HAP-91) were tested in conditioned medium (1% w/v). The conditioned medium was then supplemented with budesonide (0.5% v/v). Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay (48, 96, and 144 h), and mineralized nodules were quantified after 14 days of culture using the Alizarin Red Staining. Alkaline phosphatase activity was assessed through the release of thymolphthalein at day seven. All biomaterials showed little or no cytotoxicity. The Bio-Gen allowed significantly less growth than the control group regardless of the experimental time. Regarding differentiation potential of MC3T3-E1, the HAP-91-conditioned medium showed remarkable osteoinductive properties. In osteodifferentiation, the addition of budesonide favored the formation of mineral nodules when cells were cultured in medium conditioned with synthetic materials, whereas it weakened the mineralization potential of cells cultured in xenogeneic medium. Regardless of whether budesonide was added or not, Osteogen and Bio-Oss showed higher alkaline phosphatase activity than the other groups. Budesonide may improve bone formation when associated with synthetic biomaterials. Conversely, the presence of this glucocorticoid weakens the mineralization potential of pre-osteoblastic cells cultured with xenogeneic hydroxyapatites.

Tipos de retenção para próteses fixas implantossuportadas: uma revisão narrativa da literatura / Types of retention for implant-supported fixed prosthesis: a narrative literature review

Contexto: O desenvolvimento da implantodontia, juntamente com as prótesessuportadas por implantes, possibilitou a realização de tratamentos reabilitadores funcionais e estéticos aos pacientes, promovendo conforto e durabilidade nos resultados. Para que o sucesso do tratamento reabilitador seja alcançado, a escolha do sistema retentivo da prótese que melhor se adapte às expectativas do paciente, juntamente às suas condições clínicas e radiográficas, é fundamental. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura abordando as principais formas de retenção das próteses fixas sobre implantes, especialmente parafusadas e cimentadas, contextualizando-as com os novos materiais, componentes e técnicas, orientando a tomada de decisão do cirurgião-dentista para o seu planejamento clínico. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica nas plataformas MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library e SciElo, filtrando artigos em português ou em inglês, sem restrição de data até o dia 02 de junho de 2021. Conclusão:A escolha do sistema de retenção a ser utilizado envolve diversos fatores. Ainda não foi estabelecida uma técnica padrão ouro de retenção, sendo que todas apresentam vantagens e desvantagens. A escolha do método de retenção deve ser realizada em conjunto com o paciente e mais estudos clínicos com maior tempo de acompanhamento são necessários para a obtenção de maiores informações

Background: The development of implant dentistry, along with implant-supported prostheses, made it possible to carry out functional and aesthetic rehabilitation treatments for patients, promoting comfort and durability in the results. For the achievement of the rehabilitation treatment, the choice of the retentive system of the prosthesis that best suits the patient's expectations, together with their clinical and radiographic conditions is essential. Objective:Perform a literature review addressing the main retention systems for fixed prostheses on implants, especially screwed and cemented, contextualizing them with new materials, components and techniques, guiding the decision-making of dental surgeons for their clinical planning. Materials and methods:A bibliographic search was performed on MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and SciElo platforms, filtering articles in Portuguese or English, with no date restriction until June 2, 2021. Conclusion:The choice ofthe retention system to be used involves several factors. A gold standard retention technique has not yet been established, due to the advantages and disadvantages of each. The choice of retention method must be made in conjunction with the patient and more clinical studies with longer follow-up are necessary to obtain more information

Immunogenicity of personalized dendritic-cell therapy in HIV-1 infected individuals under suppressive antiretroviral treatment: interim analysis from a phase II clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: We developed a personalized Monocyte-Derived Dendritic-cell Therapy (MDDCT) for HIV-infected individuals on suppressive antiretroviral treatment and evaluated HIV-specific T-cell responses. METHODS: PBMCs were obtained from 10 HIV+ individuals enrolled in trial NCT02961829. Monocytes were differentiated into DCs using IFN-α and GM-CSF. After sequencing each patient's HIV-1 Gag and determining HLA profiles, autologous Gag peptides were selected based on the predicted individual immunogenicity and used to pulse MDDCs. Three doses of the MDDCT were administered every 15 days. To assess immunogenicity, patients' cells were stimulated in vitro with autologous peptides, and intracellular IL-2, TNF, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production were measured in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. RESULTS: The protocol of ex-vivo treatment with IFN-α and GM-CSF was able to induce maturation of MDDCs, as well as to preserve their viability for reinfusion. MDDCT administration was associated with increased expression of IL-2 in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells at 15 and/or 30 days after the first MDDCT administration. Moreover, intracellular TNF and IFN-γ expression was significantly increased in CD4+ T-cells. The number of candidates that increased in vitro the cytokine levels in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells upon stimulation with Gag peptides from baseline to day 15 and from baseline to day 30 and day 120 after MDDCT was significant as compared to Gag unstimulated response. This was accompanied by an increasing trend in the frequency of polyfunctional T-cells over time, which was visible when considering both cells expressing two and three out of the three cytokines examined. CONCLUSIONS: MDDC had a mature profile, and this MDDCT promoted in-vitro T-cell immune responses in HIV-infected patients undergoing long-term suppressive antiretroviral treatment. Trial registration NCT02961829: (Multi Interventional Study Exploring HIV-1 Residual Replication: a Step Towards HIV-1 Eradication and Sterilizing Cure, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02961829 , posted November 11th, 2016).

Grafting biomaterials associated to topical glucocorticoid: effects on pre-osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1)

Abstract The topical glucocorticoid budesonide has been prescribed before and after sinus lift surgery as adjuvant drug treatment for maxillary sinus membrane inflammation. However, there is no study on the effects of budesonide on the regenerative process of bone grafting biomaterials. We investigated the effect of the association of budesonide with some biomaterials on the growth and differentiation capacity of pre-osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1 subclone 4). Xenogeneic (Bio-Oss and Bio-Gen) and synthetic hydroxyapatites (Osteogen, Bonesynth, and HAP-91) were tested in conditioned medium (1% w/v). The conditioned medium was then supplemented with budesonide (0.5% v/v). Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay (48, 96, and 144 h), and mineralized nodules were quantified after 14 days of culture using the Alizarin Red Staining. Alkaline phosphatase activity was assessed through the release of thymolphthalein at day seven. All biomaterials showed little or no cytotoxicity. The Bio-Gen allowed significantly less growth than the control group regardless of the experimental time. Regarding differentiation potential of MC3T3-E1, the HAP-91-conditioned medium showed remarkable osteoinductive properties. In osteodifferentiation, the addition of budesonide favored the formation of mineral nodules when cells were cultured in medium conditioned with synthetic materials, whereas it weakened the mineralization potential of cells cultured in xenogeneic medium. Regardless of whether budesonide was added or not, Osteogen and Bio-Oss showed higher alkaline phosphatase activity than the other groups. Budesonide may improve bone formation when associated with synthetic biomaterials. Conversely, the presence of this glucocorticoid weakens the mineralization potential of pre-osteoblastic cells cultured with xenogeneic hydroxyapatites.

Corrigendum to "Nitazoxanide superiority to placebo to treat moderate COVID-19 - A Pilot prove of concept randomized double-blind clinical trial." [EClinicalMedicine 37 (2021) 100981].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100981.].

Galeria ilustrada da classificação internacional de funcionalidade e incapacidade em saúde: relato de experiência / Illustrated gallery of the international classification of functionality and disability in health: experience report / Galería ilustrada de la clasificación internacional de funcionalidad y discapacidad en salud: informe de experiencia

Introdução: A Síndrome Congênita do Zika constitui uma nova condição de saúde, advinda do surto do vírus Zika no Brasil no início do ano 2015. É caracterizada por um conjunto de anormalidades que envolve a desproporção craniofacial, irritabilidade, espasticidade, convulsões, dificuldades alimentares, anormalidades oculares e perda auditiva. Objetivo:Relatar a experiência do uso da Galeria Ilustrada da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde como auxílio para coleta de dados em pesquisa sobre funcionalidade e incapacidade em crianças com Síndrome congênita do Zika. Metodologia: Foram construídos 3 instrumentos visuais baseados na versão resumida da Classificação Internacional de Incapacidade e Funcionalidade em Saúde e aplicados com 32 pais de crianças com diagnóstico confirmado da Síndrome congênita do Zika. Foram capturadas as imagens da galeria ilustrada nos domínios de atividade e participação, funções do corpo e fatores ambientais, de modo a facilitar a elaboração de respostas das entrevistas. Resultados: O instrumento visual permitiu aos participantes da pesquisa um processo de entrevista dinâmico, compreensível e espontâneo através de uma melhor compreensão dos conceitosda Classificação Internacional de Incapacidade e Funcionalidade em Saúde, e desse modo permitiu aos pesquisadores obter suas percepções a respeito da condição de saúde dos filhos dos entrevistados. Conclusões: Ferramentas visuais envolvendo a galeria ilustrada podem ser utilizadas como auxílio na coleta de dados em pesquisas qualitativas que envolvem a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (AU).

Introduction:Congenital Zika Syndrome is a new health condition, arising from the Zika virus outbreak in Brazil in early 2015. It is characterized by a set of abnormalities involving craniofacial disproportion, irritability, spasticity, seizures, eating difficulties, eye abnormalities and hearing loss.Objective:To report the experience of using the Illustrated Gallery of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as an aid to data collection in research on functionality and disability in children with congenital Zika Syndrome.Methodology:Three visual instruments were builtbased on the abridged version of the International Classification of Disability and Functioning in Health and applied to 32 parents of children with a confirmed diagnosis of congenital Zika Syndrome. Images from the illustrated gallery were captured in the domains of activity and participation, body functions and environmental factors, in order to facilitate the elaboration of interview responses. Results:The visual instrument allowed research participants a dynamic, understandable and spontaneous interview process through a better understanding of the concepts of the International Classification of Disability and Functioning in Health, and thus allowed the researchers to obtain their perceptions about the condition of your children's health. Conclusions:Visual tools involving the illustrated gallery can be used as an aid in data collection in qualitative research involving the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (AU).

Introducción:El síndrome de Zika congénito es una nueva condición de salud, que surge del brote del virus del Zika en Brasil a principios de 2015. Se caracteriza por un conjunto de anomalías que involucran desproporción craneofacial, irritabilidad, espasticidad, convulsiones, dificultades para comer, anomalías oculares y auditivas. pérdida. Objetivo:Informar la experiencia de utilizar la Galería Ilustrada de la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, la Discapacidad y la Salud como ayuda para la recopilación de datos en la investigación sobre la funcionalidad y la discapacidad en niños con síndrome congénito del Zika. Metodología:Se construyeron tres instrumentos visuales basados en la versión abreviada de la Clasificación Internacional de Discapacidad y Funcionamiento en Salud y se aplicaron a 32 padres de niños con diagnóstico confirmado de síndrome congénito del Zika. Se capturaron imágenes de la galería ilustrada en los dominios de actividad y participación, funciones corporales y factores ambientales, con el fin de facilitar la elaboración de las respuestas de la entrevista. Resultados:El instrumento visual permitió a los participantes de la investigación un proceso de entrevista dinámico, comprensible y espontáneo a través de una mejor comprensión de los conceptos de la Clasificación Internacional de Discapacidad y Funcionamiento en Salud, y así permitió a los investigadores obtener sus percepciones sobre elestado de salud de sus hijos. Conclusiones:Las herramientas visuales que involucran la galería ilustrada se pueden utilizar para ayudar en la recopilación de datos en la investigación cualitativa que involucra la Clasificación Internacional de Funcionamiento, Discapacidad y Salud (AU).

Prevalence of comorbid substance use disorders with anxiety disorders or post-traumatic stress disorder in people seeking treatment for substance abuse: a systematic review protocol.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review will aim to assess evidence of the prevalence of comorbid substance use disorders with anxiety disorders or post-traumatic stress disorder in people seeking treatment for substance use. INTRODUCTION: Research shows that anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder are highly prevalent in people with substance use disorders and can worsen the treatment outcomes, increasing the risk of relapse and poor adherence. However, evidence from systematic reviews on the prevalence of these comorbidities in substance use treatment settings is limited. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Participants will be people seeking treatment for substance use. Studies will be included if they have investigated the prevalence of the comorbid substance use disorders with anxiety disorders or post-traumatic stress disorder in treatment settings. METHODS: Primary studies will be screened from the databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Embase, and from searches to source gray literature. Eligible cross-sectional and cohort studies published after 1994 with no language limits will be retrieved, and their methodological quality will be assessed. Data extraction will include study details, methods, and outcomes. Results will be described by narrative summary or, if studies are sufficiently similar, a meta-analysis will be performed. Prevalence data will be pooled for meta-analysis by a random effects model. The results will be presented graphically in a forest plot. Data heterogeneity will be statistically tested using χ2 and I2 tests. If substantial heterogeneity is detected, sources of heterogeneity will be explored by subgroup analysis and meta-regression, and results will be presented by a narrative summary. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42020149956.

Nitazoxanide superiority to placebo to treat moderate COVID-19 - A Pilot prove of concept randomized double-blind clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The absence of specific antivirals to treat COVID-19 leads to the repositioning of candidates' drugs. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) has a broad antiviral effect. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind pilot clinical trial comparing NTZ 600 mg BID versus Placebo for seven days among 50 individuals (25 each arm) with SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR+ (PCR) that were hospitalized with mild respiratory insufficiency from May 20th, 2020, to September 21st, 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04348409). Clinical and virologic endpoints and inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated. A five-point scale for disease severity (SSD) was used. FINDINGS: Two patients died in the NTZ arm compared to 6 in the placebo arm (p = 0.564). NTZ was superior to placebo when considering SSD (p < 0001), the mean time for hospital discharge (6.6 vs. 14 days, p = 0.021), and negative PCR at day 21 (p = 0.035), whereas the placebo group presented more adverse events (p = 0.04). Among adverse events likely related to the study drug, 14 were detected in the NTZ group and 22 in placebo (p = 0.24). Among the 30 adverse events unlikely related, 21 occurred in the placebo group (p = 0.04). A decrease from baseline was higher in the NTZ group for d-Dimer (p = 0.001), US-RCP (p < 0.002), TNF (p < 0.038), IL-6 (p < 0.001), IL-8 (p = 0.014), HLA DR. on CD4+ T lymphocytes (p < 0.05), CD38 in CD4+ and CD8+ T (both p < 0.05), and CD38 and HLA-DR. on CD4+ (p < 0.01). INTERPRETATION: Compared to placebo in clinical and virologic outcomes and improvement of inflammatory outcomes, the superiority of NTZ warrants further investigation of this drug for moderate COVID-19 in larger clinical trials. A higher incidence of adverse events in the placebo arm might be attributed to COVID-19 related symptoms.